📊Moderately Popular

SS-31

Also known as: Elamipretide, Bendavia, MTP-131

HealthAnti-AgingPerformanceRecovery
Not FDA Approved

Primary recreational use: Mitochondrial health and performance enhancement

What is SS-31?

SS-31, also known as Elamipretide, is a synthetic mitochondria-targeted peptide developed to improve cellular energy production. It selectively binds to cardiolipin in the mitochondria, making it particularly promising for age-related conditions and mitochondrial diseases. Though it is not FDA-approved, SS-31 is in Phase 3 clinical trials for heart failure and mitochondrial disorders, with key concerns around long-term safety due to limited human data.

Primary Benefits

Enhances mitochondrial efficiency. Reduces oxidative stress. Improves exercise capacity.

How It Works

SS-31 binds selectively to cardiolipin in the inner mitochondrial membrane, stabilizing the structure and enhancing mitochondrial function. It reduces oxidative stress and improves the efficiency of the electron transport chain, ultimately increasing ATP production and supporting cellular energy processes.

Safety Tips

Precautions reported in community discussions and literature. This is not a complete list.

  • 1.DON'T start with a high dose; begin with the lowest effective dose to assess tolerance.
  • 2.DON'T use if you have known hypersensitivity to SS-31 or any of its components.
  • 3.DON'T freeze reconstituted solution; it should be refrigerated but not frozen.
  • 4.NEVER inject without ensuring sterility to prevent infections.
  • 5.AVOID using if you have severe allergies or histamine intolerance.
  • 6.DON'T administer through non-recommended routes like orally or intramuscularly without consulting a healthcare provider.
  • 7.DON'T share needles or vials to prevent cross-contamination or infection.
  • 8.NEVER expose the solution to light as it is light-sensitive.
  • 9.DON'T use past its expiration date or if discoloration is observed.
  • 10.AVOID combining with other therapies without professional guidance.

Who Should NOT Use

  • Hypersensitivity to SS-31 or its components

Use Contexts

Different purposes have different protocols, dosing, and considerations

🔬Investigational

Heart failure treatment

strong evidence

Being developed for improving mitochondrial function in heart failure patients by enhancing cardiac efficiency and reducing oxidative damage.

Evidence: Phase 3 clinical trials indicate significant improvement in mitochondrial efficiency and cardiac function.

The following are ranges reported in published literature and community discussions. These are NOT recommendations or medical advice.

Reported Range
10-40 mg
Reported Frequency
once daily
Reported Cycle
4-12 weeks
Reported Route
Intravenous, Subcutaneous

Timing: morning

Notes: Dosing in the morning is recommended to support daytime physiological processes.

Community-Reported Protocols

Not recommendations: The following protocols are compiled from online communities and published literature. Pepbase does not endorse, recommend, or verify these protocols. They are provided for informational purposes only. Individual responses vary significantly. Consult a licensed medical professional before any use.

Reported GoalReported DoseReported FrequencyReported Route
Heart failure improvement0.25mg/kg/hrContinuous infusionIntravenous

Pharmacokinetics

Half-Life
4 hours
Time to Peak
30 minutes
Clearance
~20 hours

Reported Side Effects

This is not a complete list. Other side effects may occur.

Common
Injection site reactionsvery common (>10%)
Headachereported (frequency unknown)
Dizzinessreported (frequency unknown)
Injection-Specific Warnings
  • Use sterile techniques to prevent site infections.

Storage

Temperature
2-8°C
Reconstituted
Refrigerate immediately
Shelf Life
30 days
Light Sensitive
Yes - protect from light
🔬Investigational

Mitochondrial disease support

strong evidence

Explored for various mitochondrial disorders to enhance cellular energy and reduce oxidative damage.

Evidence: Phase 2/3 trials showing improvements in exercise capacity and mitochondrial efficiency.

The following are ranges reported in published literature and community discussions. These are NOT recommendations or medical advice.

Reported Range
5-40 mg
Reported Frequency
once daily
Reported Cycle
4-12 weeks
Reported Route
Subcutaneous

Timing: morning

Notes: Administer in the morning to align with mitochondrial function rhythms.

Community-Reported Protocols

Not recommendations: The following protocols are compiled from online communities and published literature. Pepbase does not endorse, recommend, or verify these protocols. They are provided for informational purposes only. Individual responses vary significantly. Consult a licensed medical professional before any use.

Reported GoalReported DoseReported FrequencyReported Route
Mitochondrial support10-40mgonce dailySubcutaneous injection

Pharmacokinetics

Half-Life
4 hours
Time to Peak
30 minutes
Clearance
~20 hours

Reported Side Effects

This is not a complete list. Other side effects may occur.

Common
Injection site reactionsvery common (>10%)
Injection-Specific Warnings
  • Light protection is necessary.

Storage

Temperature
2-8°C
Reconstituted
Store refrigerated
Shelf Life
30 days
Light Sensitive
Yes - protect from light
🔬Investigational

Athletic performance enhancement

moderate evidence

Used to improve endurance and recovery by boosting mitochondrial function and reducing oxidative stress.

Evidence: Some trials and community reports indicate potential for performance enhancement in athletics.

The following are ranges reported in published literature and community discussions. These are NOT recommendations or medical advice.

Reported Range
10-20 mg
Reported Frequency
once daily
Reported Cycle
4-6 weeks
Reported Route
Subcutaneous

Timing: pre-workout

Notes: Pre-workout timing recommended for optimal performance gains.

Community-Reported Protocols

Not recommendations: The following protocols are compiled from online communities and published literature. Pepbase does not endorse, recommend, or verify these protocols. They are provided for informational purposes only. Individual responses vary significantly. Consult a licensed medical professional before any use.

Reported GoalReported DoseReported FrequencyReported Route
Athletic performance10-20mgOnce daily pre-workoutSubcutaneous injection

Pharmacokinetics

Half-Life
4 hours
Time to Peak
30 minutes
Clearance
~20 hours

Reported Side Effects

This is not a complete list. Other side effects may occur.

Common
Injection site reactionsvery common (>10%)
Injection-Specific Warnings
  • Rotate injection sites to prevent irritation.

Storage

Temperature
2-8°C
Reconstituted
Store immediately in refrigerator
Shelf Life
30 days
Light Sensitive
Yes - protect from light

Harm Reduction Information

Quality Concerns

  • Potential for contamination through improper reconstitution
  • Purity concerns due to non-standardized production methods

Safety Tips

  • Use bacteriostatic water for reconstitution
  • Maintain a sterile environment during preparation
  • Rotate sites for subcutaneous injections
  • Start with lowest effective dose to assess tolerance

Warning Signs to Stop

  • Severe allergic reaction
  • Persistent headache or dizziness
  • Unexpected skin changes
  • Continuous severe injection site reactions

Seek Medical Help Immediately If

  • Experiencing an allergic reaction
  • Severe dizziness or confusion
  • Any signs of infection at injection site

Frequently Asked Questions

Common questions about SS-31

How long until I see effects?

SS-31 typically shows subtle energy improvements within days, with significant improvements in exercise capacity reported from 2-4 weeks.

What time of day should I take it?

It's recommended to administer SS-31 in the morning to align with natural circadian rhythms of mitochondrial function.

How can I minimize side effects?

To minimize side effects of SS-31, ensure correct dose and monitor for injection site reactions, using sterile techniques to avoid infection.

Does tolerance develop?

There is no strong evidence suggesting tolerance development with SS-31, but regular monitoring is advised.

How should I store it?

SS-31 should be stored refrigerated at temperatures between 2-8°C and protected from light.

Do I need to cycle it?

Cycling isn't mandatory, but a usage cycle of 4-12 weeks is common to optimize benefits and reduce potential risks.

What happens if I miss a dose?

If you miss a dose of SS-31, take it as soon as you remember unless it's close to the next dose. Do not double up doses.

Reported Combinations

Compounds reported to be used alongside SS-31 in community discussions

investigational

NAD+

Synergistic effects on improving mitochondrial function

investigational

MOTS-c

Enhances mitochondrial health in combination

investigational

GHK-Cu

Complementary in reducing oxidative stress

Reported Interactions

Interactions reported in literature and community discussions.

NSAIDsmoderate

Increased risk of bleeding

Blood thinnersmajor

Increased risk of bleeding

Alcoholmoderate

May enhance dizziness

Antihistaminesmajor

Potential for increased sedative effects

Caffeineminor

Generally safe, but may cause jitteriness

Reconstitution Calculator

mL
U100 insulin syringe01020304050607080901001mL

100 units = 1 mL

Safety Tips

  • Always consult a licensed medical professional for dosing and reconstitution instructions.
  • Always double check your units. Mixing up mg and mcg can be very dangerous.
  • Make sure to select your syringe type. U-100 and U-50 syringes have different units.
  • Ensure you're not adding more BAC than your vial can hold. Most vials have maximum capacities listed.

This calculator is for informational and educational purposes only. It does not provide medical advice, dosing recommendations, or safety determinations. Reference ranges shown are compiled from publicly available sources and are not a substitute for guidance from a licensed healthcare professional.

Explore More Research

Browse our database of peptide research information compiled from published literature and community sources.

Browse All PeptidesAbout Pepbase App

Citations

Last updated: October 3, 2023

Important Disclaimer

AI-Generated Content Notice

The information on this page has been compiled using artificial intelligence (AI) and large language model (LLM) technology from multiple sources including published literature, online communities, and public databases. This content may contain errors, inaccuracies, outdated information, or omissions. We make no guarantees regarding the accuracy, completeness, or reliability of any information presented. You are solely responsible for independently verifying any information before relying on it.

Not Medical Advice

Nothing on this website constitutes medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment recommendations. The information provided is for educational and harm-reduction purposes only. We do not provide individualized dosing guidance or treatment recommendations. Protocols and dosing information shown represent reports from community discussions and published literature—they are not endorsements or recommendations. Always consult with a licensed healthcare professional before making any health-related decisions.

No Endorsement of Use

Pepbase does not endorse, encourage, or recommend the use of any peptide or substance discussed on this website. Many compounds discussed are not approved for human use by the FDA or other regulatory agencies. Some substances may be illegal to possess, sell, or use in your jurisdiction. We do not facilitate or encourage the procurement, distribution, or use of controlled or prescription-only substances. Users are solely responsible for understanding and complying with all applicable laws in their jurisdiction.

Calculators and Tools

Any calculators, estimators, or tools provided on this website are for informational purposes only and produce estimates that may be inaccurate. Errors in calculations can result in serious harm. You are solely responsible for verifying all calculations independently. These tools do not account for individual factors that may affect dosing and should never be relied upon as a substitute for professional medical guidance.

Assumption of Risk

By using this website, you acknowledge that you understand the risks associated with using unregulated substances and that you assume full responsibility for your own health decisions. Pepbase, its creators, contributors, and affiliates disclaim all liability for any harm, injury, or damages arising from the use or misuse of information on this website. Use of any information on this site is entirely at your own risk.

If you are experiencing a medical emergency, call emergency services immediately. If you have questions about medications or supplements, consult a licensed pharmacist or physician.