SS-31
Also known as: Elamipretide, Bendavia, MTP-131
Primary use: Mitochondrial health and performance enhancement
What is SS-31?
SS-31, also known as Elamipretide, is a synthetic mitochondria-targeted peptide developed to improve cellular energy production. It selectively binds to cardiolipin in the mitochondria, making it particularly promising for age-related conditions and mitochondrial diseases. Though it is not FDA-approved, SS-31 is in Phase 3 clinical trials for heart failure and mitochondrial disorders, with key concerns around long-term safety due to limited human data.
- Enhances mitochondrial efficiency
- Reduces oxidative stress
- Improves exercise capacity
SS-31 binds selectively to cardiolipin in the inner mitochondrial membrane, stabilizing the structure and enhancing mitochondrial function. It reduces oxidative stress and improves the efficiency of the electron transport chain, ultimately increasing ATP production and supporting cellular energy processes.
Safety Tips
- 1DON'T start with a high dose; begin with the lowest effective dose to assess tolerance.
- 2DON'T use if you have known hypersensitivity to SS-31 or any of its components.
- 3DON'T freeze reconstituted solution; it should be refrigerated but not frozen.
- 4NEVER inject without ensuring sterility to prevent infections.
- 5AVOID using if you have severe allergies or histamine intolerance.
- 6DON'T administer through non-recommended routes like orally or intramuscularly without consulting a healthcare provider.
- 7DON'T share needles or vials to prevent cross-contamination or infection.
- 8NEVER expose the solution to light as it is light-sensitive.
- 9DON'T use past its expiration date or if discoloration is observed.
- 10AVOID combining with other therapies without professional guidance.
Who Should NOT Use
- Hypersensitivity to SS-31 or its components
Dosage & Protocols
Different purposes have different protocols, dosing, and considerations
Heart failure treatment
strong evidenceBeing developed for improving mitochondrial function in heart failure patients by enhancing cardiac efficiency and reducing oxidative damage.
Evidence: Phase 3 clinical trials indicate significant improvement in mitochondrial efficiency and cardiac function.
The following are ranges reported in published literature and community discussions. These are NOT recommendations or medical advice.
📋Community-Reported Protocols
The following protocols are compiled from online communities and published literature. Pepbase does not endorse, recommend, or verify these protocols. They are provided for informational purposes only. Individual responses vary significantly. Consult a licensed medical professional before any use.
| Reported Goal | Reported Dose | Reported Frequency | Reported Route |
|---|---|---|---|
| Heart failure improvement | 0.25mg/kg/hr | Continuous infusion | Intravenous |
⏱️Pharmacokinetics
⚡Reported Side Effects
This is not a complete list. Other side effects may occur.
Common
Injection-Specific Warnings
- Use sterile techniques to prevent site infections.
🧊Storage
Mitochondrial disease support
strong evidenceExplored for various mitochondrial disorders to enhance cellular energy and reduce oxidative damage.
Evidence: Phase 2/3 trials showing improvements in exercise capacity and mitochondrial efficiency.
The following are ranges reported in published literature and community discussions. These are NOT recommendations or medical advice.
📋Community-Reported Protocols
The following protocols are compiled from online communities and published literature. Pepbase does not endorse, recommend, or verify these protocols. They are provided for informational purposes only. Individual responses vary significantly. Consult a licensed medical professional before any use.
| Reported Goal | Reported Dose | Reported Frequency | Reported Route |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mitochondrial support | 10-40mg | once daily | Subcutaneous injection |
⏱️Pharmacokinetics
⚡Reported Side Effects
This is not a complete list. Other side effects may occur.
Common
Injection-Specific Warnings
- Light protection is necessary.
🧊Storage
Athletic performance enhancement
moderate evidenceUsed to improve endurance and recovery by boosting mitochondrial function and reducing oxidative stress.
Evidence: Some trials and community reports indicate potential for performance enhancement in athletics.
The following are ranges reported in published literature and community discussions. These are NOT recommendations or medical advice.
📋Community-Reported Protocols
The following protocols are compiled from online communities and published literature. Pepbase does not endorse, recommend, or verify these protocols. They are provided for informational purposes only. Individual responses vary significantly. Consult a licensed medical professional before any use.
| Reported Goal | Reported Dose | Reported Frequency | Reported Route |
|---|---|---|---|
| Athletic performance | 10-20mg | Once daily pre-workout | Subcutaneous injection |
⏱️Pharmacokinetics
⚡Reported Side Effects
This is not a complete list. Other side effects may occur.
Common
Injection-Specific Warnings
- Rotate injection sites to prevent irritation.
🧊Storage
Harm Reduction Information
Quality Concerns
- Potential for contamination through improper reconstitution
- Purity concerns due to non-standardized production methods
Safety Tips
- Use bacteriostatic water for reconstitution
- Maintain a sterile environment during preparation
- Rotate sites for subcutaneous injections
- Start with lowest effective dose to assess tolerance
Warning Signs to Stop
- Severe allergic reaction
- Persistent headache or dizziness
- Unexpected skin changes
- Continuous severe injection site reactions
Seek Medical Help Immediately If
- Experiencing an allergic reaction
- Severe dizziness or confusion
- Any signs of infection at injection site
Frequently Asked Questions
How long until I see effects?
SS-31 typically shows subtle energy improvements within days, with significant improvements in exercise capacity reported from 2-4 weeks.
What time of day should I take it?
It's recommended to administer SS-31 in the morning to align with natural circadian rhythms of mitochondrial function.
How can I minimize side effects?
To minimize side effects of SS-31, ensure correct dose and monitor for injection site reactions, using sterile techniques to avoid infection.
Does tolerance develop?
There is no strong evidence suggesting tolerance development with SS-31, but regular monitoring is advised.
How should I store it?
SS-31 should be stored refrigerated at temperatures between 2-8°C and protected from light.
Do I need to cycle it?
Cycling isn't mandatory, but a usage cycle of 4-12 weeks is common to optimize benefits and reduce potential risks.
What happens if I miss a dose?
If you miss a dose of SS-31, take it as soon as you remember unless it's close to the next dose. Do not double up doses.
Reported Combinations
Compounds reported to be used alongside SS-31 in community discussions. Not a recommendation.
NAD+
Synergistic effects on improving mitochondrial function
MOTS-c
Enhances mitochondrial health in combination
GHK-Cu
Complementary in reducing oxidative stress
Reported Interactions
Interactions reported in literature and community discussions.
Increased risk of bleeding
Increased risk of bleeding
May enhance dizziness
Potential for increased sedative effects
Generally safe, but may cause jitteriness
Reconstitution Calculator
100 units = 1 mL
Safety Tips
- Always consult a licensed medical professional for dosing and reconstitution instructions.
- Always double check your units. Mixing up mg and mcg can be very dangerous.
- Make sure to select your syringe type. U-100 and U-50 syringes have different units.
- Ensure you're not adding more BAC than your vial can hold. Most vials have maximum capacities listed.
This calculator is for informational and educational purposes only. It does not provide medical advice, dosing recommendations, or safety determinations. Reference ranges shown are compiled from publicly available sources and are not a substitute for guidance from a licensed healthcare professional.
Legal Status by Region
Regulatory status varies by country. Information provided is for reference only and may change.
USA
investigational
UK
investigational
EU
investigational
Australia
investigational
Canada
investigational
Explore More Research
Browse our database of peptide research information compiled from published literature and community sources.
Other Sources & Citations
Last updated: October 3, 2023